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3 SheetsSheet 1. J BAIRD STEAM BOILER.

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Patented Sept. 1, 1891.

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J. BAIRD STEAM BOILER.

No. 458,817. Patented Sept. 1, 1891.

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J. BAIRD. STEAM BOILER.

No. 458,817. Patented Sept. 1, 1891.

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JOHN BAIRD, OF NE\V YORK, N. Y.

STEAM-BOILER.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 458,817, dated September 1, 1891. Application filed April 25, 1891. $erial No. 390,439; (No model.)

slightly inclined and inclosed in suitable shells surrounded or inclosed by water-tubes, both horizontal and upright or slightly inclined,as exemplified, for instance, in United States Letters Patent No. 415,135, granted to me November 12, 1889.

I The objects of my invention are to secure a compact, simple, safe, and efiicient boiler of high steam-generating capacity, which ends I attain by certain novel organizations.

of instrum'entalities hereinafter specified.

The accompanying drawings show my improvements as embodied in apparatus consisting, essentially, of a single large central or main shell and two sideshells or small shells somewhat on the plan shown in my patent above mentioned. So much only of the apparatus is, however, shown as is re quired to illustrate the subject-matter herein claimed. Unless otherwise indicated the parts are of usual approved construction.

The fire'door end of the boiler I term the front and the opposite end'the rear. That side on the right hand of a person facing the fire-doors I term the right, the opposite side the left. Short unfeathered darts indicate the direction of view of the corresponding sections, solid feathered arrows the course of the hot gases, and dotted ones that of the water.

Figure l is a vertical cross-section on the line 1 1 of Fig. 2, looking backward, the section being through the body of the boiler. Fig. 2 is an elevation of the right side of the boiler without its casing or jacketing; Fig. 3, a vertical longitudinal central section, looking to the left, on the line 3 3 of Fig. 1. Fig.

4 is a similar section showing two boilers )laced end to end. Fi 5 is a horizontal cross-section on the line 5 5 of Fig. 1, looking downward; and Fig. 6, a corresponding sectional detail view showing a modification of the organization represented in Fig. 5. Fig. 7 is a verl ical longitudinal section through one of the side shells on the line 7 7 of Fig. 1,

looking to the left.

The products of combustion pass from the fire-box A through and around the various fines or fire-tubes and water-tubes by way of the back connection A, front hood or uptake A direct does A and return-fines A in the upper part of the boiler-shell, and thence up the chimney. A deflector a, projecting into the front hood, conducts a portion of the hot gases through the direct fines A back hood a, and return-flues A to the chimney. The front head C and back head D are made of parallel plates with a water-space between them, and provided with the usual fire-doors and man-holes.

A large cylindrical shell E, with fiat ends or heads, rests on the correspondiugly-shaped front head and extends directly over the firebox to the front end of the back connection,

which is formed by a space left between the shell and head.

B represents the brick-work of the back connection.

About the lower two-thirds of the shell is filled with fire-tubes c. The lower part of the shell communicates with the water-space of the back head by a series of pipes e, five or six in number, arranged horizontally across the back connection. The rear end of the shell is mainly supported by semi-girders E, fastened to it and resting on the back head. The normal Water-line of the boiler comes just below the level of the direct flues A A steampipe G traverses the top of the shell longitudinally between the return-tines A and is thus dried and superheated.

The fire-tube portion of the boiler-shell is inclosed by a series of parallel water-tubes F, curved correspondingly with the contour of the boiler-shell, arranged close together, and constituting what I term a series of bellyband tubes, which communicate with the bottom of the boiler-shell by openings or short vertical pipes f, as shown in United States States Letters Patent respectively granted to me as No. 402,127, dated April 30, 1889, and No. 434,973,datedAugust26,1890,whiletheirupper ends are connected with the steain-space of the boiler by small curved pipes f. The side Walls of the furnace are also composed of a series of parallel upright or slightly-inclined water-tubes H, lying close together and fill ing the space between the front and back heads. The space between the belly-band tubes F and the boiler-shell is filled with fireclay or fire-brick B thus protecti n g the boilershell from the direct action of the flame. In Fig. 6 every alternate tube F is shown as omitted and thicker fire-clay or brick-work interposed between them and the shell. These tubes, it will be observed, do not project back of the shell into the back connection.

The outer or casing tubes H are connected at bottom with their respective longitudinal water-supply pipes I, which are connected with the water-space of the back head and extend through the front head, with which, however, they are not connected to the feed-waterheating apparaus hereinafter described. The

upper ends of the tubes H are connected with the boiler by small curved pipes h, which, together with the belly-band connecting pipes f, above mentioned, pass through bracingplates H, secured to the boiler-shell. The casing-pipes H may be connected with the water-supply pipes I and with their own small pipes h at top and bottom, either or both, by expansion-joints or jam-nuts, such as shown in my patent, No. 415,135, above mentioned, and the belly-band pipes are provided with similar jam-nutsf In that patent, however,

the casing-pipes are suspended from the jamnuts and their supports; but in the present case,it will be observed, these pipes rest upon the water-supply pipes I at the bottom and are supported at their upper ends both by the brick-work B and bracing-plates H, above mentioned, which organization allows the pipes to expand and contract without injury. Instead of employing a separate small con-v necting-pipe h for each casingtube, they might be arranged in gangs connected with a larger pipe h leading to the boiler, as shown in Fig. 2, where those of the back connection are shown as so connected These casingtubes are to be covered with asbestus or similar non-conductingmaterial and outside plates of iron,and the whole boiler is to be suitably jacketed with non-conducting material.

Small side shells K extend lengthwise of the fire-box beneath and on each side of the main shell, with which they correspond in length, and are fitted with fines 76 to make a broader and more equable draft from the furnace and back connection to the front hood. The front ends of these shells extend through the front head, with which they are connected by small pipes They are connected with the back head by a vertical pipe K, which supports the rear end of each shell, and is connected bya horizontal pipe 70 to the back head, thus serving both as a support and as a conduit or water-way. This pipe 70 is preferably arranged outside the brick-work of the back connection, being cooler for joints, &c. These heated by the escaping gases.

shells are likewise supported by parallel longitudinal. water-tubes J, connected with the front head and extending through packed sleeves in the back head, with which they are connected by smaller pipes j, substantially as shown in United States Letters Patent, respectively granted to me as No. 411,882, dated October 1, 1889, and No. 437,745, dated October 7, 1890. Similar water-tubes L M are shown as arranged between the side tubes and main shell, below the latter and on a level with the lower supporting-tubes of the lower shell.

The upper ends of the casing-tubes H, inclosing the back connection, are shown as connected by cross-pipes 7L instead of being connected directly with the boiler, thus securing a circulation through them. I also utilize these pipes to support brick-work B, interposed between them and the semi-girders E and bridging the back connection, thus retaining the heat therein. Instead of using these pipes, I sometimes support this brickwork upon a series of pipes N, screwed into the back head.

Another division of this application, Serial No. 390,888, filed April 29, 1891, describes and claims these pipes and their water circulation.

Fig. 4 shows two such boilers as that above described arranged back to back and provided with a single back head, with which both sets of shells are connected, as hereinbefore described, and both sides of which head are exposed to the heat from the back connection. The advantage of such organization is obvious.

later-boxes 0, arranged on each side of the front of the fire-box, are connected by horizontal water-circulating tubes 0. Feedwater flows through a pipe 0, provided with a check-valve 0, through the water-boxes and tubes 0, which traverse the uptake andare Pipes 0 connect the water circulating pipes with the water-supply pipes I. This feed-water-heating apparatus is not claimed herein per so, as it constitutes part of the subject-matter of an application for United States Letters Patent, Serial No. 386,335, filed by me March 25, 1891.

The boiler is of course, as before remarked, to be jacketed, wherever desirable, to prevent loss of heat by radiation, and is also to be provided with the most approved appurtenancessuch as safety-valves, water-valves, cocks, &c.for filling, emptying, or regulating the flow of air, steam, or water through the boiler.

The main shell, it will be observed, is of the form of a fiat-ended cylinder of large diameter compared with its length, while the whole structure, including the casing-pipe, is substantially rectangular in cross-section. The larger portion of the main-boiler shell lies within the fire-box; but is protectedfrom the direct action of the flame not only by its encompassing or belly-band pipes, but by the fire-clay or brick-work interposed between these pipes and the shell. Consequently such a boiler cannot be regarded as an externally-fired one.

I claim herein as new and as of my own invention- H 1. The combination, substantially as hereinbeforc set forth, of a boilershell and a series of water-tubes encircling its lower portion, the upper ends of the tubes being connected with the steam-space of the boilershell and their central portions with its waterspace.

2. The combination, substantially as hereinbefore set forth, of a boiler-shell, a series of encompassing water-tubes connected with it, and fire-brick or fire-clay interposed between the tubes and shell.

3. The combination, substantially as hereback head, and a series of water-tubes encompassing the shells and connected therewith.

5. The combination, substantially as hereinbefore set forth, of a boiler-shell, the firetubes traversing its water-space, direct and return fines traversing its steamspace, a series of water-tubes encircling the lower part of the shell and connected both with its steam and water space, a fire-box under the boiler and tubes, a back connection, and an uptake connected with the direct and return fines.

6. The combination, substantially as hereinbefore set forth, of a boiler-shell, a series of encompassing water-tubes connected with it, and a series of parallel substantially vertical Watertubes also inclosing the boiler and connected therewith,

7. The combination, substantially as hereinbefore set forth, of a boiler-shell, a series of water-tubes encircling its lower portion, Water-passages connecting them with the waterspace of the boiler, pipes connecting them with the steam-space of the boiler, and bracin g-plates and j am-nuts also connecting these pipes and the boiler-shell.

8. The combination, substantially as hereinbefore set forth, of a boiler-shell, its back head, back connection, semi-girders connecting the shell and back head, and brick-work intermediate of the back connection and these girders to confine the heat therein.

9. The combination, substantially as hereinbeforc set forth, of a boiler-shell, its back head, a back connection, semigirders connecting the shell and back head, a series of water-tubes projecting from the back head into the back connection, and fire-brick interposed between the water-tubes and the Semi-girders.

10. The combination, substantially as here inbefore set forth, of a boiler'shell, a front head, a back head, horizontal longitudinal water-pipes connecting the bottoms of these heads, a series of upright side tubes connected at the bottom with these tubes and at the top with the steam'space of the boiler, bracingplates through which they pass, and jam-nuts securing the side pipes in position.

11. The combination, substantially as hereinbefore set forth,of a boiler-shell, its encompassing-tubes connected both with its steam and water space, fire-brick intermediate between the shells and these tubes, and a series of upright tubes constituting the side walls of the furnace.

12. The combination, substantially as hereinbefore set forth, of a front head, a back head, a boiler-shell, tubes encompassing the under side thereof and connected both with the water and steam space of the shell, horizontal longitudinal shells connecting the heads, and upright side tubes connected with these tubes at bottom and with the steamspace of the boiler at the top.

13. The combination, substantially as hereinbefore set forth, of a boiler-shell, its back head, a back connection, upright water-tubes inclosin g the back connection, and transverse pipes crossing the upper part of the back connection and connecting these inclosin g watertubes.

lel. The combination, substantially as hereinbefore set forth, of a boiler-shell, its back head, a back connection, semi-girders connecting the shell and back head, water-tubes projecting from this head into this connection, upright side tubes inclosing the back connection, cross-pipes connecting their upper ends, and fire-brick interposed between the semi-girders and sustaining-pipes.

15. The combination, substantially as hereinbefore set forth, of a front head, a back head, a boiler-shell connected therewith, wa ter-tubes encompassing the lower part of the boiler-shell and connected both with the steam and water space thereof, longitudinal water-pipes connecting the bottoms of the 7 front and back heads, upright side pipes connecting these tubes with the boiler, waterboxes connected'with these longitudinal bottom pipes, and feed-water-circulating pipes connecting these boxes across the uptake to heat the feed-water.

1G. The combination, substantially as hereinbefore set forth, of a front head, a back head, and a boiler-shell K, connected directly with one head at one end and supported at the other by a pipe K k constituting its connection with the other head.

17. The combination, substantially as hereinbefore set forth, of a boiler-shell, a front head, a back head, a back connection, an upright pipe supporting the back of the shell, and a connecting-pipe crossing the back connection.

18. The combination, substantially as here inbefore set forth, of a boiler-shell, a front head, a back head, a back connection, an upright pipe connected with the back head and sustaining the back of the shell, and longitudinal water-pipes encompassing the boilershell, connected with the fronthead, and passing through the back head across the back connection.

19. The combination, substantially as hereinbefore set forth, of a fire-box, a front head, a back head, a main shell connected with them, water-tubes encompassing the main shell and connected therewith, longitudinal tubes connecting the bottoms of the front and back heads, upright side tubes connected with these longitudinal tubes at bottom and with the main shell at the top, small shells interposed between the encompassing tubes and side tubes, longitudinal water-pipes snpporting them, and vertical supporting-pipes constituting the connection between the small shells and back head.

20. The combination, substantially as hereinbefore set forth, of a front head, a back head, a main shell, its connected encompassing pipes,longitudinal water-tubesconnecting the front and back heads, upright side tubes connecting these longitudinal tubes With the boiler-shell, side shells interposed between 1 the boiler-encon'ipassing tubes and upright side tubes, vertical water-pipes sustaining the rear ends of these shells, and longitudinal water-tubes connecting the front and back heads.

21. The combination, substantially as hereinbefore set forth, of a fire-box, front head, back head, a main shell connected therewith, its encompassing water-tubes, longitudinal Water-tubes connecting the heads near their bottoms, upright side tubes connecting these longitudinal. tubes with the main boiler-shell, small shells interposed between the main shell and side tubes, and longitudinal water-tubes connecting the front and back heads.

22. The combination, substantially as hereinbefore set forth, of two boiler-shells placed end to end, a back head common to both, semigirders extending across the back head and supporting both shells, and a steam-pipe also common to both shells.

23. The combination, substantially as hereinbefore set forth,'of two boiler-shells placed end to end, a back head common to both shells, semi-girders connecting them, and firebrick constituting the roof of the back connection of each shell.

In testimony whereof I have hereunto subscribed my name.

JOHN BAIRD. Witnesses:

A. J. BAIRD, ADDISON W. BAIRD. 

